Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa, commonly known as Pink Cassia or Java Cassia, is a large deciduous tree characterized by a wide, spreading crown. Native to India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, this species is extensively cultivated across tropical regions. The trees can grow between 10 and 20 meters tall, though under certain conditions, they may reach up to 40 meters. The leaves are stipulate, measuring 15 – 30 cm in length, with 5 –13 pairs of leaflets that are 2.5 – 10 cm long and 1.2 – 2 cm wide, oblong or ovate, pointed, initially pilose but becoming glabrous. The raceme, resembling a corymb, is 4 – 10 cm long and blooms in spectacular shades of pink, making the tree particularly attractive when in full bloom.
Cultivation and Care
Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa thrives best in lowland tropical and subtropical regions, up to elevations of 400 meters. It prefers average annual temperatures between 19 and 25°C and annual rainfall ranging from 650 to 2400mm. A sunny position is required, and the plant is adaptable to a wide range of habitats, from open forests to denser areas and even dry or savannah-like environments. Once established, it is drought-tolerant.
Growing from Seeds
To grow Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa from seeds, ensure the soil is moist and the temperature is maintained between 26-30°C. Store seeds in a dry, dark place until sowing, preferably in spring or summer. Seeds should be planted 2-4 cm deep, either in separate pots or directly in the ground, maintaining a distance of 3 meters between plants. Germination takes 3 to 7 weeks, during which the soil should remain moist and in a sunny position. Seedlings require full sun and regular watering for optimal development.
Uses and Properties
Beyond its ornamental value due to its colorful and fragrant flowers attracting pollinators, Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa also has applications in the timber industry. The wood is quite hard and features a uniform dark color, making it excellent for flooring, residential construction, furniture making, and small items like ashtrays, picture frames, and bowls. Additionally, this tree serves as a food plant for the caterpillars of the Lemon Migrant butterfly.
Care for this tree includes mulching, especially during summer, and fertilizing once a year. Pruning is done to open up the tree's branch growth, allowing all branches to receive sufficient sunlight for optimal flowering.
