Cornus sanguinea

Cornus sanguinea, commonly known as European Dogwood or Bloodtwig Dogwood, is a deciduous shrub native to Europe and western Asia. It is valued for its distinctive red stems in winter and its attractive foliage and flowers during the growing season. 

Cornus sanguinea is a multi-stemmed shrub that typically reaches a height of 6 to 10 feet (1.8 to 3 meters) and a similar spread. During the winter months, the shrub's most striking feature is its bright red or purplish-red stems, which provide a burst of color in the dormant landscape. As spring arrives, the shrub produces ovate, mid-green leaves and clusters of small, creamy-white flowers that attract pollinators. In late summer, these flowers give way to small, dark blue-black berries that are a food source for birds.

Cultivation:

1. Climate: Cornus sanguinea is adaptable to various climates, including temperate and subtropical regions. It can tolerate both full sun and partial shade.

2. Soil: Plant in well-draining soil enriched with organic matter. It can tolerate a range of soil types, but good drainage is essential to prevent root rot.

3. Watering: Regular watering is necessary, especially during dry spells and the establishment period. Keep the soil consistently moist but avoid waterlogged conditions.

4. Pruning: Prune European Dogwood during late winter or early spring to encourage vigorous new growth with vibrant stem colors. Pruning can also help maintain a pleasing shape and remove dead or diseased wood.

5. Fertilization: While not extremely demanding, you can apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the spring to support healthy growth.

6. Pest and Disease: Cornus sanguinea is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, be watchful for issues like aphids, scale insects, and leaf spot diseases. Address any problems promptly.

7. Propagation: You can propagate European Dogwood through softwood cuttings in early summer or hardwood cuttings in winter.

8. Winter Care: While generally hardy, young plants may benefit from some winter protection in areas with harsh winters. Applying a layer of mulch around the base can help insulate the roots.

Cornus sanguinea is a valuable addition to gardens and landscapes, providing year-round interest with its colorful stems, attractive foliage, and wildlife-friendly berries. With proper care and maintenance, this shrub can thrive and enhance the beauty of your outdoor space.