Ficus bengalensis 15-30cm

Ficus bengalensis, commonly known as the banyan tree, is a majestic and iconic species of fig tree native to the Indian subcontinent and other parts of Southeast Asia. This evergreen tree belongs to the Moraceae family and is renowned for its enormous size, long lifespan, and distinctive aerial roots. The banyan tree's branches often grow horizontally and send down aerial roots that eventually become thick trunks, giving it a unique and awe-inspiring appearance. The leaves of Ficus bengalensis are large, glossy, and elliptical, providing ample shade and shelter for various wildlife. In many cultures, the banyan tree is considered sacred and is associated with spirituality and longevity.

Cultivation:

1. Climate and Location: Ficus bengalensis thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. It requires warmth, humidity, and abundant sunlight to grow well. Plant it in a location where it can receive full sun to partial shade.

2. Soil: This tree prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils. Good drainage is essential to prevent waterlogged roots.

3. Watering: Banyan trees require consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water deeply when the soil starts to dry out, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Established trees are more drought-tolerant.

4. Pruning: Prune young Ficus bengalensis trees to shape them and remove dead or diseased branches. Once mature, minimal pruning is necessary, mainly to maintain a safe clearance from buildings or walkways.

5. Fertilization: These trees benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or organic compost to provide essential nutrients.

6. Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of the tree to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Keep the mulch away from the trunk to prevent rot.

7. Aerial Roots: Banyan trees are known for their aerial roots, which can become prominent features. You can encourage their development by allowing them to reach the ground or providing support for them to grow downwards.

8. Propagation: Ficus bengalensis can be propagated from seeds, but it is more commonly propagated through air layering or stem cuttings. Air layering is a technique where you encourage roots to form on a branch while still attached to the parent tree, and then it can be planted separately.

9. Pests and Diseases: These trees are generally hardy but can be susceptible to pests like mealybugs, scale insects, and aphids. Regular inspection and appropriate pest control measures may be necessary if infestations occur.

Ficus bengalensis is a remarkable and culturally significant tree, often planted in parks, gardens, and temple courtyards. Its sprawling branches and aerial roots create an enchanting and tranquil environment, making it a cherished addition to many landscapes in its native regions and beyond.